How is testing of DoD "net centric" systems primarily conducted?

Testing of Department of Defense "net centric" systems is primarily conducted as part of previously scheduled joint warfighting exercises because these exercises provide a realistic and dynamic environment in which the systems can be evaluated. During such exercises, various military branches and units come together to operate in scenarios that mimic actual combat and operational conditions. This setting allows for comprehensive testing of communications, interoperability, and system performance, which are essential aspects of net centric operations.

In these joint warfighting exercises, the systems can be assessed for their effectiveness in real-time decision making, data sharing, and coordination among multiple participants, thereby simulating the complexities of modern military operations. This method of testing emphasizes the operational context in which the net centric systems will be utilized, ensuring that they meet the necessary performance standards and can function successfully in collaborative environments.

The other options, although they may involve some degree of testing, do not encompass the full scope and requirements necessary for evaluating the effectiveness of net centric systems in a comprehensive and realistic operational context.